Clinical and immunological characteristics of 88 cases of overlap myositis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical and immunological characteristics of overlap myositis (OM) patients.@*METHODS@#The data of 368 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2004 to August 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, including demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics (including fever, Gottron' s sign/papules, Heliotrope rash, V-sign, Shawl sign, Mechanic' s hands, skin ulceration, periungual erythema, subcutaneous calcinosis, dysphagia, myalgia, myasthenia, arthritis, Raynaud' s phenomenon, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension and myocardial involvement), laboratory characteristics, immunological characteristics [including antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors, myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) and myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs)] and survival. The clinical and immunological characteristics and prognostic differences of OM and non-OM were compared. The Kaplan-Meier and Log Rank methods were used to analyze the survival.@*RESULTS@#A total of 368 patients were included. 23.9% (88/368) of IIMs patients were OM patients. Among the 88 OM patients, 85.2% (75/88) of them were female, and the median interval between disease onset and diagnosis was 13.5 months. The incidence of overlapped connective tissue diseases in the OM patients was dermatomyositis (DM) in 60.2%, polymyositis (PM) in 3.4%, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) in 2.3% and anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) in 34.1%. Compared with the non-OM patients, the proportion of the females in the OM patients was higher (85.2% vs. 72.1%, P=0.016), the OM patients had longer disease duration [13.5(4.5, 48.0) months vs. 4.0(2.0, 12.0) months, P < 0.001]. As for clinical characteristics, compared with the non-OM patients, the incidence of V-sign (25.0% vs. 44.6%, P=0.001) and periungual erythema (8.0% vs. 19.6%, P=0.013) were lower; the incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon (14.8% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001), interstitial pneumonia (88.6% vs. 72.1%, P=0.001), pulmonary hypertension (22.7% vs. 7.5%, P < 0.001) and myocardial involvement (18.2% vs. 9.3%, P=0.033) were higher. As for immunological characteristics, compared with the non-OM patients, the incidence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (31.8% vs. 45.0%, P=0.035) was lower and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (58.0% vs. 44.6%, P=0.037) was higher; the positive rates of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (85.1% vs. 63.4%, P=0.001) and rheumatoid factors (RF) (40.2% vs. 17.8%, P < 0.001) and anti-Ro-52 (71.6% vs. 56.1%, P=0.038) in serum were higher. There was no significant difference in the survival between the OM patients and non-OM patients.@*CONCLUSION@#Pulmonary hypertension and myocardial involvement were frequently observed in OM.

Clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with anti-synthetase syndrome complicated with cardiac involvement / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical and immunological features of cardiac involvement in patients with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS).@*METHODS@#In the study, 96 patients diagnosed with ASS hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital from April 2003 to November 2020 were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were accompanied with cardiac involvement. Demographic features, clinical characteristics (Gottron's sign/papules, muscle damage, etc.), comorbidities, laboratory indices (creatine kinase, inflammatory indicators, immunoglobulin, complement, lymphocyte subset, autoantibodies, etc.) were collected and the differences between the two groups were analyzed statistically.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of cardiac involvement in the patients with ASS was 25.0% (24/96). The ASS patients complicated with cardiac involvement presented with elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI, 75.0%, 18/24), pericardial effusion (33.3%, 8/24), reduction of left ventricular function (33.3%, 8/24) and valves regurgitation (33.3%, 8/24). The age of onset of the patients with cardiac involvement was older than that of the patients without cardiac involvement [(54.58±10.58) years vs. (48.47±13.22) years, P=0.043). Arthritis was observed less frequently in the patients with cardiac involvement than those without cardiac involvement (37.5% vs. 61.1%, P=0.044). In addition, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (54.2% vs. 30.6%, P=0.037) was observed more frequently in the patients with cardiac involvement than those without cardiac involvement. As compared with the ASS patients without cardiac involvement, C-reactive protein (CRP) [(13.55 (8.96, 38.35) mg/L vs. 4.60 (1.37, 17.40) mg/L, P=0.001], and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [408.0 (255.0, 587.0) U/L vs. 259.5 (189.8, 393.8) U/L, P=0.007] were significantly higher in the patients with cardiac involvement. Anti-Ro-52 antibody was detected more commonly in the ASS patients with cardiac involvement compared with the patients without cardiac involvement (91.7% vs. 69.4%, P=0.029). No significant differences were found in the comorbidities, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin (Fer), immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), lymphocyte subset between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Cardiac involvement is common in ASS, mainly manifested as myocardial damage. It is necessary to be aware of cardiac complications in patients with elevated CRP, elevated LDH and positive anti-Ro-52 antibody.

Effect of moxibustion on clinical symptoms, peripheral inflammatory indexes and T lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of the adjuvant treatment with moxibustion on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#A total of 95 patients with COVID-19 were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (45 cases) and a basic treatment group (50 cases). The routine treatment of western medicine was applied in the patients of both groups. In the moxibustion group, on the base of the treatment of western medicine, moxibustion was applied to Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Qihai (CV 6) and Zusanli (ST 36), once daily and consecutively for 14 days. At the end of treatment courses, clinical symptom scores for cough, asthmatic breathing, chest oppression and short breath, as well as their remission rates were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Before and after treatment, the white blood cell (WBC) count, the levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the absolute number of T lymphocyte subsets, i.e. , and of the peripheral blood were compared in the patients between the two groups. The principal component analysis was adopted to analyze the common data extracted from the above 10 clinical indexes variables and comprehensively evaluate the differences in the therapeutic effect of two regimens.@*RESULTS@#The clinical symptom scores were all decreased after treatment in both of the moxibustion group and the basic treatment group as compared with those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#On the base of the routine treatment with western medicine, moxibustion therapy supplemented relieves the clinical symptoms, reduces the levels of inflammatory indexes, i.e. IL-6 and CRP as well as improves the absolute number of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets. The clinical therapeutic effect of such regimen with moxibustion supplemented is significantly better than the simple routine treatment of western medicine.

Jinbei Oral Liquid ameliorates bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in rats via reversion of Th1/Th2 shift / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal interstitial lung disease with high mortality. The pivotal role of Th1/Th2 immunological balance in the development and progression of IPF has been demonstrated previously. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jinbei Oral Liquid (JBOL) on IPF and its relationship with Th1/Th2 shift. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: control group, model group (bleomycin), pirfenidone group (positive group, 54 mg/kg, i.g.) and JBOL (5.4, 10.8 and 21.6 mL/kg, i.g.) groups. The rat model was established by an intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg). One day after injection of BLM, pirfenidone or JBOL was given to rats once daily within 28 consecutive days, respectively. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed on the treated rats. The extent of alveolitis and fibrosis was observed by H&E and Masson trichrome staining. The contents of TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-4 and IFN-γ were further quantified by ELISA assay. Results: PET/CT and histopathological evidence showed the ability of JBOL to attenuate bleomycin-induced alveolitis and fibrosis extent, and the alveolitis lesion score was markedly decreased compared with the model group. The increased expression of inflammatory cytokines TGF-β1 and TNF-α induced by bleomycin was also suppressed by JBOL. The Th1 response was limited by the reduced IFN-γ after BLM administration, and the Th2 response predominated significantly marked by the increased IL-4. JBOL could increase the level of IFN-γ and markedly increased the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4. Conclusion: These findings suggested that JBOL may attenuate BLM-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and excessive collagen deposition in rats. One of the mechanisms is the reversion of Th1/Th2 shift caused by BLM.

Clinical and immunological characteristics of myositis complicated with thromboembolism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate and analyse the clinical and immunological features of patients with myositis complicated with thromboembolism.@*METHODS@#We identified a cohort of 390 myositis patients diagnosed with myositis admitted to People's Hospital of Peking University from 2003 to 2019. The patients were retrospectively enrolled in this investigation. According to the outcome of the color Doppler ultrasound, CT pulmonary angiography, pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scan patients were divided into myositis with and without thromboembolism group. Demographic, clinical (heliotrope rash, Gottron's sign/papules, periungual erythema, skin ulceration, subcutaneous calcinosis, Mechanic's hands, myalgia, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension), laboratory, immunological [anti-autoantibodies including melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5), anti-Mi-2, anti-transcription intermediary factor-1γ (anti-TIF-1γ, anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 (anti-NXP2), anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (anti-SAE), anti-synthetase], imaging and therapeutic status data of the patients at the diagnosis of myositis with and without thromboembolism were collected and the differences in these data were analyzed. Logistic regressive analysis was used to identify the risk factors of thromboembolism.@*RESULTS@#In the retrospective study, 390 myositis patients were investigated. The mean age of onset was (49.6±13.4) years, male to female ratio was 0.31 :1. Thromboembolism was identified in 4.62% (18/390) of the myositis patients, which was lower than the published reports. Out of 18 patients with thromboembolism, 55.6% (10/18) of them were deep venous thrombosis, followed by cerebral infarction (22.2%, 4/18), pulmonary embolism (11.1%, 2/18), renal artery embolism (5.6%, 1/18) and embolism of upper extremity (5.6%, 1/18). Fifty percent of thromboembolism events occurred 6 months after the diagnosis of myositis, 38.9% of thromboembolism events occurred 6 months within the diagnosis of myositis, 11.1% of thromboembolism events occurred 6 months before the diagnosis of myositis. As compared with the myositis patients without thromboembolism, the myositis patients complicated with thromboembolism were older [(58.3±11.7) years vs. (49.3±13.4) years, P=0.006]. C-reaction protein (CRP) (12.2 mg/L vs. 4.1 mg/L, P < 0.001), ferritin (20 085.5 μg/L vs. 216.6 μg/L, P < 0.001) and D-dimer (529.0 μg/L vs. 268.0 μg/L, P=0.002) were significantly higher in thromboembolism group. Diabetes (44.4% vs. 16.4%, P=0.006), coronary heart disease (22.2% vs. 3.0%, P=0.003) and surgery (16.7% vs. 3.5%, P=0.032) were observed more common in thromboembolism group than those without thromboembolism. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (26.9 s vs. 28.7 s, P=0.049) and albumin (32.4 g/L vs. 36.5 g/L, P=0.002) was lower in thromboembolism group. The risk factors of thromboembolism in the myositis patients were low level of albumin (OR=0.831, 95%CI: 0.736-0.939, P=0.003), diabetes (OR=4.468, 95%CI: 1.382-14.448, P=0.012), and coronary heart disease (OR=22.079, 95%CI: 3.589-135.837, P=0.001) were independent significant risk factors for thromboembolism in the patients with myositis. There was no significant difference in clinical manifestations, myositis-specific antibodies or myositis-associated antibodies between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Thromboembolism is a complication of myositis. Lower levels of albumin, diabetes, and coronary heart disease might be risk factors of thromboembolism in myositis patients.

Research progress of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in treating coronary artery heart disease / 中国中药杂志

Coronary artery heart disease (CHD) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases in clinical. The morbidity and mortality of CHD recently continue increasing in our country, which has aroused wide attention. Many studies confirm that traditional Chinese medicine has better therapeutic effect on CHD. Guanxin Danshen formula, widely used in the treatment of CHD, consists of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and volatile oil from Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, and has the efficacy in promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis, regulating the circulation of Qi and alleviating pain. This review summarized the pharmacologic effects and mechanism of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in the treatment of CHD to provide reference for its fundamental research and clinical application.

Initiating Characteristics of Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered to affect mainly the elderly; however, the age at diagnosis has gradually reduced in recent years. Although the incidence of young-onset T2DM is increasing, it is still not fully clear the onset characteristics and risk factors of early-onset T2DM. The aim of this study was to describe the initiating characteristics of early-onset T2DM in Chinese patients and evaluate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional controlled study was performed using a questionnaire survey method in outpatients of multiple centers in China. A total of 1545 patients with T2DM with an age at onset of <40 years were included, and the control group consisted of subjects aged <40 years with normal blood glucose level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with young-onset T2DM, the mean age and initial hemoglobin 1Ac at diagnosis were 32.96 ± 5.40 years and 9.59 ± 2.71%, respectively. Most of the patients were obese, followed irregular diet pattern and sedentary lifestyle, had life or work pressure, and had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Compared with subjects with normal blood glucose level, logistic regression analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] 446.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.37-4714.87), family history of diabetes mellitus (OR 23.46, CI 14.47-38.03), dyslipidemia (OR 2.65, CI 1.54-4.56), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, CI 1.00-1.04), and body mass index (OR 0.95, CI 0.92-0.99) are independent factors for early-onset T2DM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We observed that abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for early-onset T2DM. It is, therefore, necessary to apply early lifestyle intervention in young people with risk of diabetes mellitus.</p>

Research progress in epigenetic regulation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Epigenetic is a hotspot of post-genomic era research, and epigenetic modification is a mechanism in the study of cardiovascular disease. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is one of the problems in the cardiovascular disease, and many experimental interventions are reported in the protection of the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals. However, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. There is an advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the regulation of epigenetic modification, and pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review article is prepared to cover the research progress in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by TCM with a focus on epigenetic regulation. The epigenetic regulation is documented in TCM theory through a systematic review of the protecting drugs in the MIRI development guidelines.

Phytoestrogens in application prospect of treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国中药杂志

Reperfusion is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, markedly reducing mortality and morbidity. Reperfusion however induces necrotic and apoptotic damages to cardiomyocytes, that were viable prior to reperfusion, a process called myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI). Over the past 30 years, hundreds of experimental interventions (both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals; however, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. The population-based survey assessed men have about twice the total incidence of morbidity and mortality of women, and the sex gap in morbidity tends to diminish after age 45 years. So hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to treat the MI/RI, and lots of studies shows that the side effect is greater for estrogen, compared with phyestrogen. In this article, we review the important pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, the prevention and limitations of HRT. And we highlight the mechanism of phyestrogens treatment the MI/RI in experiment. The aim is to provide the theoretically new way of develop the safe and effective products for the researchers.

Significance of normal range urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in Chinese subjects with metabolic syndrome / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to investigate clinical features of Chinese metabolic syndrome (MS) subjects with normal urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and to estimate independent correlation factor for UACR. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey in participants having MS. The patients with different grade of albuminuria were divided into 4 groups according to the value of UACR (<10, 10-20, 21-30, >30 mg/g). All underwent biochemical tests. Bioelectrical impedance body fat content, islet β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to further determine association between UACR and clinical factors with adjustment. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), TG, fat mass, fat content and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the group with UACR at 10-20 mg/g than those in the group with UACA lower than 10 mg/g (P<0.05). Multivariable linear regression showed that TG, HbA1c, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and SBP were independently associated with UACR. The patients with normal UACR had abnormal levels of MS components. The factors independently associated with UACR were TG, HbA1c, WHR and SBP.

The prospect of using bioinformatics technology in the field of biological medicine in the era of big data / 药学学报

With the advanced development of information technology, there is a huge impact on various industries for the arrival of big data. In the biomedical field, innovative genome sequencing technology enables low-cost, high-throughput, and high-speed to become a reality, which leads to an explosive growth in data and also appeared in an urgent need to process those massive biological information. High performance computing (HPC) along with effective methods is one of the best ways to deal with the problem of big data in biomedical field which could serve the biomedical development best. We discussed the issues faced in biomedical big data processing and concluded that the bioinformatics is an indispensable component of biomedical technologies.

Analyzing variations and clinical significance of perioperative serum inflammatory indicators in patients undergoing acute aortic dissection repair / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study perioperative inflammatory response status in patients with acute aortic dissection. To analyze the reason and outcome of the inflammatory activation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between August 2011 and December 2011, 30 patients (22 male and 8 female, mean aged (43 ± 9) years) had undergone open repairs of aortic dissection or aneurysm with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Indications for surgical intervention were type A aortic dissection in 26 patients and aortic aneurysm in 4 patients. In detail, ascending aorta and arch replacement combined with stent elephant trunk were done in 29 patients, arch replacement combined with stent elephant trunk in 1 patient. According to the time from clinical onset of the dissection to operation, acute group (less than 7 days, group A) 20 patients, chronic group (more than 30 days and aortic aneurysm, group C) 10 patients. White blood cell, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were assayed before and after operation. These valuables were recorded and compared statistically between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in age, operation time, and blood transfusion volume (P > 0.05). Preoperative serum level of inflammatory indicators in group A were significant higher than in group C (t > 3, P < 0.05). Postoperative serum peak level of these indicators were significant higher than preoperative level in both groups (t > 4, P < 0.05). There were much more complications occurred on patients in group A (21 cases) than in group C (0 cases). The occurrence of early postoperative complications in group A was much higher than group C (χ(2) = 12.209, P = 0.000). Mechanic ventilation time in group A and group C were (35 ± 58) hours and (18 ± 9) hours respectively. ICU length of stay in two group were (49 ± 61) hours and (33 ± 12) hours, respectively. The patients with mechanic ventilation time more than 24 h, ICU length of stay more than 5 days in group A was more than in group C significantly (χ(2) = 5.161, P = 0.010; χ(2) = 3.657, P = 0.024).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acute aortic dissection and surgical procedure induce an acute phase inflammatory reaction. The patients with acute aortic dissection involved more serious organic injury and worse outcome following surgery compared with chronic aortic dissection.</p>

A case of Klinefelter's syndrome with type 1 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Klinefelter’s syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome disease in men. Classical features of the syndrome include a eunuchoidal body habitus, small testes and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. There has been an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and autoimmune disease for KS patients. This paper reports a case of KS in association with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The patient was a 21-year-old man, who has been confirmed by absolute insulin deficiency and positive IA-2 autoantibody. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test indicated his insulin sensitivity in normal range, and his blood glucose was controlled well by the insulin therapy.

Blood pressure reduction found in subjects after evolution of impaired glucose tolerance to normal glucose tolerance or diabetes——New information from The Da-Qing IGT and Diabetes Study / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the blood pressure change in relation to the evolution of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods From 1986 to 1992, 334 subjects with IGT were randomized to placebo, diet, exercise and diet plus exercise intervention groups. No anti-hypertension drug was given to these enrolled subjects. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and the end of the six-year prospective study. In this analysis these subjects were stratified to seven subgroups based on 2 h plasma glucose (2hPG) level during OGTT at the end of the study: < 7.8,7.8~8.8,8.9~9.9,10.0~11.0,11.1~13.8,13.9~16.6 and≥16.7mmol/L. Blood pressure changes in relation to the evolution of glucose tolerance in these subgroups were compared by least square mean procedure. Results Changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in average in these seven groups were -2.4,0.6,7.7,4.3,1.7,-2.9and-6.9mm Hg (1mm Hg=0.133kPa), and changes of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were-3.2,3.0,3.3,1.7,-0.7,-1.3 and-3.7mm Hg respectively after controlling for age, sex, BMI at baseline and Δ BMI during the follow-up period. In those subjects with IGT evolved into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or diabetes, reductions in SBP and DBP were significantly greater than those who retained IGT with 2hPG between 8.9-9.9mmol/L (all P < 0.05 ). In 264 out of the 334 subjects with IGT and blood pressure≥130/80mm Hg at baseline, blood pressure changed more strikingly: changes of SBP in these groups were-5.2,-2.6,5.2,2.3,-2.3,-4.2,-7.6mm Hg, and DBP were -5.0, -3.7,1.5, -2.9, -4.3, - 4.0 and-6.0mm Hg respectively after the adjustment of age, sex, BMI, BMI variation. The reductions of SBP and DBP in subjects whose status of IGT was converted to NGT or diabetes were significantly greater than those with retained IGT and 2hPG between 8.9-9.9mmol/L. Conclusion Blood pressure is increased in the subjects with IGT who retained in the IGT group during the six-year follow-up period in Da-Qing Study. On the contrary, subjects with IGT evolved into NGT or diabetes demonstrate significant reduction of blood pressure.

Study on the distribution and risk factors of hypertension among children: a cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between hypertension and the tendency of change among children,so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on findings from the prevalence survey that carried out in September 1999 in Daqing of Heilongjiang province. New admission children were selected as subjects to conduct a five-year cohort study. All the subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for biochemical analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Results The prevalence of hypertension among 447 children was found 2.01% at the baseline study but increased to 5.37% in the fifth year. During a five year period, the systolic pressure level among children increased from (100.65 +/- 11.62)mmHg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (106.67 +/- 9.29) mm Hg,while the diastolic pressure level was from (66.27 +/- 11.31) mm Hg to (70.28 +/- 7.98) mm Hg and showed significant difference between boys and girls. There were association between hypertension and family history, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, insulin, insulin resistance index while insulin sensitivity index and family history, BMI and insulin sensitivity index appeared to be the important factors. Children under this study were divided to 'with family history or without' and then every group was divided to 'with over weight-obesity or normal'. Obesity and insulin sensitivity seemed the key risk factors on hypertension. Descent of insulin sensitivity was an independent risk factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of blood tension among children in Daqing city was higher than that from the national data. The present study confirmed that over-weight,obesity, heredity and insulin resistance were the risk factors of hypertension while insulin resistance was related to hypertension. The interaction of these risk factors was independent or correlated to each other.</p>

Probing into objectivity of adverse drug reaction of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The adverse drug reaction (ADR) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been concerned nowadays. Some bans were published to limit their use abroad. There wasn't a feasible criterion to reply to the ADR of TCM yet in China. The ADR of 6 kinds of typical TCM which state attached importance to was chosen to discuss. Based on the retrospect investigation, the objectivity of ADR was explored in this study.